/* ---------- tokens ---------- */
  :root{
    /* dark-first: bare :root carries the primary (dark / "PCB") palette */
    --bg: #0E1A16;
    --surface: #142620;
    --surface-2: #1B322A;
    --text: #E8F0EA;
    --text-muted: #9FB3AA;
    --accent: #E08D3C;
    --accent-ink: #1A1006;
    --accent-2: #6FCF97;
    --line: rgba(232,240,234,0.14);
    --line-strong: rgba(232,240,234,0.30);
    --glow: rgba(224,141,60,0.35);
    --shadow: rgba(0,0,0,0.45);
  }
  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light){
    :root:not([data-theme="dark"]){
      /* "blueprint" palette */
      --bg: #E9EFF1;
      --surface: #FFFFFF;
      --surface-2: #DCE6E9;
      --text: #16232A;
      --text-muted: #4F6067;
      --accent: #B96A2C;
      --accent-ink: #FFFFFF;
      --accent-2: #2F7A63;
      --line: rgba(22,35,42,0.14);
      --line-strong: rgba(22,35,42,0.30);
      --glow: rgba(185,106,44,0.22);
      --shadow: rgba(16,30,35,0.14);
    }
  }
  :root[data-theme="light"]{
    --bg: #E9EFF1;
    --surface: #FFFFFF;
    --surface-2: #DCE6E9;
    --text: #16232A;
    --text-muted: #4F6067;
    --accent: #B96A2C;
    --accent-ink: #FFFFFF;
    --accent-2: #2F7A63;
    --line: rgba(22,35,42,0.14);
    --line-strong: rgba(22,35,42,0.30);
    --glow: rgba(185,106,44,0.22);
    --shadow: rgba(16,30,35,0.14);
  }

  /* ---------- base ---------- */
  *,*::before,*::after{ box-sizing: border-box; }
  html{ -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){ html{ scroll-behavior: auto; } }
  body{
    margin:0;
    background: var(--bg);
    color: var(--text);
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans', 'Segoe UI', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.0625rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  }
  h1,h2,h3{ font-family:'Big Shoulders Display','Arial Narrow',sans-serif; font-weight:800; text-transform:uppercase; text-wrap:balance; letter-spacing:0.01em; margin:0; }
  p{ margin:0; }
  a{ color:inherit; }
  .mono{ font-family:'IBM Plex Mono','SFMono-Regular',Menlo,Consolas,monospace; }
  ::selection{ background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); }
  a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, .navlink:focus-visible{
    outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
    outline-offset: 3px;
  }

  .wrap{ max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.5rem; }

  /* ---------- nav ---------- */
  .topnav{
    position: sticky; top:0; z-index: 40;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 82%, transparent);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .topnav-inner{
    max-width: 860px; margin:0 auto; padding: 0.9rem 1.5rem;
    display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; gap:1rem;
  }
  .brand{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:0.6rem; text-decoration:none; }
  .brand-mark{
    width:34px; height:34px; border:1.5px solid var(--accent); border-radius:3px;
    display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.8rem; font-weight:600; color:var(--accent);
    flex-shrink:0;
  }
  .brand-name{ font-family:'Big Shoulders Display',sans-serif; font-weight:800; font-size:1.15rem; letter-spacing:0.02em; text-transform:uppercase; }
  .navlinks{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center; gap:0.9rem 1.3rem; list-style:none; margin:0; padding:0; }
  .navlink{
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.78rem; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.06em;
    text-decoration:none; color: var(--text-muted); border-bottom:1px solid transparent; padding-bottom:2px;
    transition: color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease;
    white-space:nowrap;
  }
  .navlink:hover{ color:var(--text); border-color: var(--accent); }
  .nav-cta{
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.75rem; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.05em;
    color: var(--accent); border:1px solid var(--accent); border-radius:3px; padding:0.4rem 0.75rem;
    text-decoration:none; transition: background .15s ease, color .15s ease;
    flex-shrink:0;
  }
  .nav-cta:hover{ background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); }
  .navtoggle{ display:none; background:none; border:1px solid var(--line-strong); border-radius:3px; padding:0.4rem 0.55rem; color:var(--text); cursor:pointer; }
  .navtoggle svg{ display:block; }
  @media (max-width: 720px){
    .navlinks{ display:none; }
    .navtoggle{ display:inline-flex; }
    .navlinks.open{
      display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:0; position:absolute; top:100%; left:0; right:0;
      background: var(--surface); border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); padding: 0.5rem 1.5rem 1rem;
    }
    .navlinks.open .navlink{ padding: 0.6rem 0; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
    .topnav{ position: sticky; }
  }

  /* ---------- spine (desktop only, decorative section index) ---------- */
  .spine-grid{ display:block; }
  @media (min-width: 1000px){
    .spine-grid{ display:grid; grid-template-columns: 46px 1fr; column-gap: 0; max-width: 940px; margin:0 auto; padding:0 1.5rem; }
    .spine-grid .wrap{ padding:0; max-width:none; }
  }
  .spine-dot-cell{ display:none; }
  @media (min-width:1000px){
    .spine-dot-cell{
      display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; padding-top: 4.4rem;
      position: relative;
    }
    .spine-dot-cell::before{
      content:""; position:absolute; top:0; bottom:-2.5rem; left:50%; width:1px;
      background: var(--line); transform: translateX(-50%); z-index:0;
    }
    .spine-dot-cell:last-of-type::before{ display:none; }
    .spine-dot{
      width:11px; height:11px; border-radius:50%; border:1.5px solid var(--line-strong);
      background: var(--bg); position:relative; z-index:1;
      transition: background .4s ease, border-color .4s ease, box-shadow .4s ease;
    }
    .spine-dot.lit{ background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px var(--glow); }
    .spine-label{
      writing-mode: vertical-rl; text-orientation: mixed; margin-top:0.7rem;
      font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.68rem; letter-spacing:0.08em; color: var(--text-muted);
      text-transform:uppercase;
    }
  }

  section{ padding: 4.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  section:last-of-type{ border-bottom:none; }
  .eyebrow{
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.78rem; letter-spacing:0.12em; text-transform:uppercase;
    color: var(--accent); display:flex; align-items:center; gap:0.6rem; margin-bottom:1rem;
  }
  .eyebrow::before{ content:""; width:22px; height:1px; background:var(--accent); display:inline-block; }
  .section-title{ font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 4vw, 2.4rem); margin-bottom: 1.75rem; }

  .reveal{ opacity:0; transform: translateY(14px); transition: opacity .6s ease, transform .6s ease; }
  .reveal.in{ opacity:1; transform:none; }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){ .reveal{ opacity:1; transform:none; transition:none; } }

  /* ---------- hero ---------- */
  .hero{ position:relative; padding: 5.5rem 0 4.5rem; overflow:hidden; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
  .hero-canvas{ position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; opacity:0.55; pointer-events:none; }
  .hero-inner{ position:relative; z-index:1; }
  .hero-eyebrow{
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.8rem; letter-spacing:0.1em; text-transform:uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-2); margin-bottom:1.1rem; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:0.5rem;
  }
  .hero h1{ font-size: clamp(3rem, 10vw, 6rem); line-height:0.92; margin-bottom:0.9rem; }
  .hero-role{ font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2.6vw, 1.55rem); font-weight:600; color:var(--text); margin-bottom:1.4rem; max-width: 40ch; text-wrap:balance; font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif; text-transform:none; letter-spacing:0; }
  .hero-role .amp{ color: var(--accent); }
  .hero-lede{ max-width: 56ch; color: var(--text-muted); font-size:1.05rem; margin-bottom:1.1rem; }
  .hero-meta{ font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.82rem; letter-spacing:0.02em; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom:1.8rem; }
  .hero-ctas{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:0.9rem; }
  .btn{
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.82rem; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.05em;
    padding:0.75rem 1.3rem; border-radius:3px; text-decoration:none; display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:0.5rem;
    transition: background .15s ease, color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, transform .15s ease;
  }
  .btn-primary{ background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); border:1px solid var(--accent); }
  .btn-primary:hover{ transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px var(--glow); }
  .btn-ghost{ background: transparent; color: var(--text); border:1px solid var(--line-strong); }
  .btn-ghost:hover{ border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }

  /* ---------- about ---------- */
  .about-grid{ display:grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap:1.1rem; }
  .about-grid p{ color: var(--text); max-width: 68ch; }
  .about-grid p.muted{ color: var(--text-muted); }
  .pull{
    border-left: 2px solid var(--accent); padding-left:1.1rem; margin: 0.5rem 0;
    font-family:'Big Shoulders Display',sans-serif; font-weight:700; text-transform:none;
    font-size:1.35rem; line-height:1.3; color: var(--text); letter-spacing:0.005em;
  }

  /* ---------- experience ---------- */
  .job{ background: var(--surface); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; padding: 1.7rem 1.7rem 1.9rem; margin-bottom:1.4rem; }
  .job:last-child{ margin-bottom:0; }
  .job-head{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:space-between; align-items:baseline; gap:0.5rem 1.5rem; margin-bottom:0.3rem; }
  .job-title{ font-family:'Big Shoulders Display',sans-serif; font-weight:800; font-size:1.3rem; text-transform:uppercase; }
  .job-dates{ font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.8rem; color: var(--accent); white-space:nowrap; }
  .job-org{ font-weight:600; color: var(--text); margin-bottom:0.15rem; }
  .job-meta{ font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.78rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom:1.15rem; }
  .job ul{ margin:0; padding-left:1.15rem; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:0.55rem; }
  .job li{ color: var(--text); padding-left:0.15rem; }
  .job li::marker{ color: var(--accent); }

  /* ---------- projects ---------- */
  .project-grid{ display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr)); gap:1.1rem; }
  .card{
    background: var(--surface); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; padding:1.5rem;
    display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:0.7rem; transition: border-color .2s ease, transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
  }
  .card:hover{ border-color: var(--accent); transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 10px 26px var(--shadow); }
  .card-head{ display:flex; align-items:flex-start; justify-content:space-between; gap:0.75rem; }
  .card-title{ font-family:'Big Shoulders Display',sans-serif; font-weight:800; font-size:1.2rem; text-transform:uppercase; line-height:1.15; }
  .status-pill{
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.65rem; letter-spacing:0.08em; text-transform:uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-2); border:1px solid var(--accent-2); border-radius:20px; padding:0.22rem 0.55rem; white-space:nowrap; flex-shrink:0;
  }
  .card p{ color: var(--text-muted); font-size:0.95rem; }

  /* ---------- skills ---------- */
  .skill-block{ margin-bottom:1.6rem; }
  .skill-block:last-child{ margin-bottom:0; }
  .skill-block h3{ font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.82rem; letter-spacing:0.08em; text-transform:uppercase; color: var(--text-muted); font-weight:500; margin-bottom:0.85rem; }
  .chips{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:0.55rem; }
  .chip{
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.82rem; color: var(--text); background: var(--surface);
    border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:3px; padding:0.4rem 0.7rem;
  }

  /* ---------- education ---------- */
  .edu{ display:flex; gap:1.1rem; align-items:flex-start; background: var(--surface); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; padding:1.5rem 1.7rem; }
  .edu-mark{ font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; color: var(--accent); font-size:0.85rem; border:1px solid var(--accent); border-radius:3px; padding:0.35rem 0.5rem; flex-shrink:0; }
  .edu-school{ font-family:'Big Shoulders Display',sans-serif; font-weight:800; font-size:1.15rem; text-transform:uppercase; margin-bottom:0.2rem; }
  .edu-degree{ color: var(--text-muted); font-size:0.95rem; }

  /* ---------- contact / footer ---------- */
  .contact{ text-align:left; }
  .contact-lede{ max-width: 54ch; color: var(--text-muted); margin: 0.9rem 0 1.6rem; }
  .contact-email{ display:inline-block; font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:clamp(1.15rem,3vw,1.7rem); color: var(--accent); text-decoration:none; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-strong); padding-bottom:0.2rem; transition: border-color .15s ease; }
  .contact-email:hover{ border-color: var(--accent); }
  footer{ padding: 2.2rem 0 3rem; }
  .footer-inner{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:space-between; gap:1rem; align-items:center; font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.78rem; color: var(--text-muted); }
  .footer-inner a{ color: var(--text-muted); text-decoration:underline; text-underline-offset:3px; }
  .footer-inner a:hover{ color: var(--accent); }

  /* ---------- build gallery ---------- */
  .spec-list{ list-style:none; margin:0 0 1.9rem; padding:0; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:0.55rem; }
  .spec-list li{
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.78rem; color: var(--text);
    background: var(--surface); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:3px; padding:0.35rem 0.65rem;
  }
  .gallery{ display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(290px, 1fr)); gap:1.5rem 1.2rem; }
  .gallery figure{ margin:0; }
  .gallery img{
    display:block; width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:4px;
    border:1px solid var(--line); background: var(--surface-2);
  }
  .gallery figcaption{
    font-size:0.92rem; line-height:1.5; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top:0.6rem;
  }
  .gallery figcaption b{
    display:block; font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.74rem;
    letter-spacing:0.07em; text-transform:uppercase; color: var(--accent);
    font-weight:500; margin-bottom:0.25rem;
  }
  .skip-link{
    position:absolute; left:-9999px; top:auto; z-index:100;
    background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); padding:0.6rem 1rem; border-radius:3px;
    font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.85rem; text-decoration:none;
  }
  .skip-link:focus{ left:1rem; top:1rem; }

  /* ---------- project feature card + detail page ---------- */
  .feature{
    display:grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 340px) 1fr; gap:0;
    background: var(--surface); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden;
    transition: border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
  }
  .feature:hover{ border-color: var(--accent); box-shadow: 0 10px 26px var(--shadow); }
  .feature-img{ display:block; background: var(--surface-2); }
  .feature-img img{ display:block; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; aspect-ratio: 3 / 4; }
  .feature-body{ padding:1.9rem; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:0.9rem; justify-content:center; }
  .feature-body .card-title{ font-size:1.6rem; }
  .feature-body p{ color: var(--text-muted); }
  .status-pill.done{ color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }
  @media (max-width: 720px){
    .feature{ grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .feature-img img{ aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; }
    .feature-body{ padding:1.4rem; }
  }
  .back-link{
    display:inline-block; font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-size:0.8rem; letter-spacing:0.06em;
    text-transform:uppercase; color: var(--text-muted); text-decoration:none; margin-bottom:1.6rem;
    border-bottom:1px solid transparent; transition: color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease;
  }
  .back-link:hover{ color: var(--text); border-color: var(--accent); }

  .sub-title{ font-family:'Big Shoulders Display',sans-serif; font-size:1.6rem; font-weight:800; margin:2.6rem 0 1rem; letter-spacing:0.01em; }
  .badge-video{ display:block; width:100%; max-width:340px; height:auto; border-radius:4px; border:1px solid var(--line); background:#000; }

  .build-strip{ display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr)); gap:1rem; margin:0 0 1.8rem; }
  .build-thumb{ display:block; text-decoration:none; color:var(--text); background:var(--surface); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:6px; overflow:hidden; transition:border-color .2s, transform .2s; }
  .build-thumb:hover{ border-color:var(--accent); transform:translateY(-2px); }
  .build-thumb img{ display:block; width:100%; aspect-ratio:3/4; object-fit:cover; }
  .build-thumb span{ display:block; padding:0.65rem 0.75rem 0.8rem; font-weight:600; font-size:0.92rem; line-height:1.3; }
  .build-thumb small{ display:block; margin-top:0.2rem; font-family:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace; font-weight:400; font-size:0.72rem; color:var(--text-muted); }